Category: Polymers & compounds

polystyrene (GPPS) is a transparent, hard, and brittle polymer that is used in various industries due to its easy processability. It has high transparency, good electrical insulation, and moderate chemical resistance, but is brittle against impact and is soluble in organic solvents. Its important applications include the production of transparent disposable containers, electronic components, laboratory equipment, and decorative products such as transparent talc. It is also commonly combined with HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) to increase impact resistance.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C8H8) n
Density (gr/cm3)	0.96 – 1.04
Melting point	240(°C)
Melt flow index at 200°C and 5 kg load	7 (gr/10min)
Tensile strength	52(MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	100(°C)
Appearance	Transparent, colorless and hard

Applications        

• Food packing

• Extrusion foam packaging

• Plastic compound manufacturing

• Production of household appliances

• Combination with SBS for impact-resistant applications in XPS insulation

• Medical laboratory utensils and containers

Environmental Impact of GPPS

GPPS has a notable environmental impact due to its non-biodegradability and contribution to plastic pollution. Its production relies on fossil fuels, leading to greenhouse gas emissions. GPPS waste persists in the environment for centuries, polluting land and oceans, with wildlife at risk from plastic ingestion. While recycling is possible, contamination and limited facilities result in most GPPS waste ending up in landfills or being incinerated, releasing harmful emissions.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling GPPS

Although GPPS is generally safe, heating or processing it can release styrene, a hazardous substance. Proper ventilation, protective gear, and controlled temperatures are essential for safe handling. Regulations vary by region, with agencies enforcing recycling and waste management guidelines. Compliance with safety standards, such as those set by OSHA and EPA, helps reduce environmental and health risks.

Packing

25 kg bags

polystyrene (GPPS) is a transparent, hard, and brittle polymer that is used in various industries due to its easy processability. It has high transparency, good electrical insulation, and moderate chemical resistance, but is brittle against impact and is soluble in organic solvents. Its important applications include the production of transparent disposable containers, electronic components, laboratory equipment, and decorative products such as transparent talc. It is also commonly combined with HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) to increase impact resistance.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C8H8) n
Density (gr/cm3)	0.96 – 1.04
Melting point	240(°C)
Melt flow index at 200°C and 5 kg load	7 (gr/10min)
Tensile strength	52(MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	100(°C)
Appearance	Transparent, colorless and hard

 

Applications        

• Food packing
• Extrusion foam packaging
• Plastic compound manufacturing
• Production of household appliances
• Combination with SBS for impact-resistant applications in XPS insulation
• Medical laboratory utensils and containers

 

 

Environmental Impact of GPPS

GPPS has a notable environmental impact due to its non-biodegradability and contribution to plastic pollution. Its production relies on fossil fuels, leading to greenhouse gas emissions. GPPS waste persists in the environment for centuries, polluting land and oceans, with wildlife at risk from plastic ingestion. While recycling is possible, contamination and limited facilities result in most GPPS waste ending up in landfills or being incinerated, releasing harmful emissions.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling GPPS

Although GPPS is generally safe, heating or processing it can release styrene, a hazardous substance. Proper ventilation, protective gear, and controlled temperatures are essential for safe handling. Regulations vary by region, with agencies enforcing recycling and waste management guidelines. Compliance with safety standards, such as those set by OSHA and EPA, helps reduce environmental and health risks.

Packing

25 kg bags

 

 

 

GPPS GPPS 1160 GPPS 1460 GPPS 1540 GPPS 1018 GPPS 1028 GPPS 1034 GPPS 1038 GPPS 1047 GPPS 1067 GPPS 1077 GPPS 1084 GPPS 1115 GPPS 1144 GPPS 1233 GPPS 1551 GPPS 1161

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. This unique structure offers a balance of toughness (from butadiene), rigidity (from styrene), and chemical resistance (from acrylonitrile). ABS is easy to mold and extrude, making it a popular choice for complex shapes. However, it is sensitive to UV exposure and requires stabilization for outdoor use.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C₈H₈·C₄H₆·C₃H₃N)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	1.03 – 1.07
Melting point	Amorphous (softens around 105°C)
Melt flow index at 220°C and 10 kg load	1 – 20 (gr/10min), depending on grade
Tensile strength	35 – 50 (MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	~100 – 107°C
Appearance	Opaque, glossy surface, available in multiple colors

Applications        

• Automotive parts (dashboards, trims)
• Consumer electronics (TV housings, computer casings)
• 3D printing filament
• Household appliances and toys (e.g., LEGO)
• Luggage and protective cases
• Piping and fittings

Environmental Impact of ABS

ABS is a petroleum-based, non-biodegradable plastic. It’s recyclable (coded as #7), though recycling infrastructure for ABS is less common than for other plastics. Incineration can release harmful chemicals if not controlled properly. Although it has a long useful life, promoting recycling and designing for disassembly can reduce its environmental footprint.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling ABS

ABS is generally safe under normal conditions but can release toxic fumes like styrene and acrylonitrile during high-temperature processing. Adequate ventilation, PPE, and temperature control are essential during manufacturing. Compliance with OSHA, EPA, and other local safety standards ensures proper handling and minimal health risks.

Packing

ABS is commonly available in 25 kg bags or bulk containers, typically in pellet form, suitable for injection molding, extrusion, and 3D printing.

ABS

SD 0150

ABS-40

ABS-50

ABS-70

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the polymerization of ethylene monomers. It has a highly branched molecular structure, resulting in lower density and greater flexibility compared to HDPE. LDPE exhibits good resistance to moisture and chemicals, but it has relatively low tensile strength and is not suitable for high-temperature applications. Despite this, it is widely used due to its excellent processability and softness.

Technical Characteristics:

Molecular formula	(C₂H₄)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	0.91 – 0.94
Melting point	105 – 115°C
Melt flow index at 190°C and 2.16 kg load	0.3 – 20 (gr/10min), depending on grade
Tensile strength	8 – 17 (MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	~90°C
Appearance	Translucent, flexible, and soft

Applications:

• Plastic bags for groceries and garbage
• Packaging films and wraps
• Squeeze bottles
• Liner materials for containers
• Cable and wire insulation
• Toys and household products
• Agricultural films

Environmental Impact of LDPE

Like other polyethylene materials, LDPE is non-biodegradable and contributes to plastic waste accumulation. Although recyclable (coded as #4), LDPE recycling rates are relatively low due to contamination and the thin nature of many of its applications. Incineration can release harmful substances, and landfilling leads to long-term pollution. Promoting responsible usage, improved recycling methods, and biodegradable alternatives are essential steps to reducing LDPE’s environmental footprint.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling LDPE

LDPE is safe for use in many consumer and food-related products. However, at high processing temperatures, it can release potentially irritating fumes. Proper ventilation, temperature control, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended. Compliance with health and environmental regulations (e.g., OSHA, EPA, FDA for food use) ensures safe handling and use of LDPE in manufacturing and commercial applications.

Packing

LDPE is typically available in 25 kg bags, jumbo bags, or pellet form, ready for extrusion, molding, and film production.

LDPE LFI 2130                     FILM 2420 D LH 0075 LFI 2185 A LF 0190 2420 F 2420 H L 2102 TX 00 LFI 2119 L 2100 TN 00 2420 K LF 0200 2420 E 02 LFI 2125 A LIM1922 1922 INJECTION

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer made by the polymerization of propylene monomers. It is known for its semi-crystalline structure, which provides a balance of rigidity and flexibility. PP resists most acids, bases, and organic solvents, and it has a relatively high melting point, making it suitable for applications requiring heat resistance. However, it can degrade under UV exposure without stabilizers.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C₃H₆)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	0.90 – 0.91
Melting point	~160 – 165°C
Melt flow index at 230°C and 2.16 kg load	0.3 – 50 (gr/10min) depending on grade
Tensile strength	30 – 40 (MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	~150°C
Appearance	Semi-transparent to opaque, rigid, lightweight

Applications        

• Packaging (containers, caps, films)
• Automotive parts
• Home appliances
• Medical devices
• Fibers for textiles and carpets
• Pipes and fittings
• Stationery and household items

Environmental Impact of PP

Polypropylene is non-biodegradable and contributes to long-term plastic waste. It is recyclable (coded as #5) and has relatively low environmental impact during production compared to some other plastics. However, poor recycling rates and single-use applications remain concerns. Promoting closed-loop recycling systems and reduced single-use packaging is crucial for sustainability.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling PP

PP is generally considered safe and is widely used in food-grade and medical products. During manufacturing, care must be taken to avoid overheating, as it may release irritating fumes. Operators should use PPE and follow guidelines from organizations like OSHA, EPA, and FDA to ensure safety and compliance.

application.

Packing

Polypropylene is usually supplied in 25 kg bags or jumbo bags, in pellet or powder form, ready for molding, extrusion, or fiber production.

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer made by the polymerization of propylene monomers. It is known for its semi-crystalline structure, which provides a balance of rigidity and flexibility. PP resists most acids, bases, and organic solvents, and it has a relatively high melting point, making it suitable for applications requiring heat resistance. However, it can degrade under UV exposure without stabilizers.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C₃H₆)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	0.90 – 0.91
Melting point	~160 – 165°C
Melt flow index at 230°C and 2.16 kg load	0.3 – 50 (gr/10min) depending on grade
Tensile strength	30 – 40 (MPa)
Vicat softening temperature	~150°C
Appearance	Semi-transparent to opaque, rigid, lightweight

Applications        

• Packaging (containers, caps, films)
• Automotive parts
• Home appliances
• Medical devices
• Fibers for textiles and carpets
• Pipes and fittings
• Stationery and household items

Environmental Impact of PP

Polypropylene is non-biodegradable and contributes to long-term plastic waste. It is recyclable (coded as #5) and has relatively low environmental impact during production compared to some other plastics. However, poor recycling rates and single-use applications remain concerns. Promoting closed-loop recycling systems and reduced single-use packaging is crucial for sustainability.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling PP

PP is generally considered safe and is widely used in food-grade and medical products. During manufacturing, care must be taken to avoid overheating, as it may release irritating fumes. Operators should use PPE and follow guidelines from organizations like OSHA, EPA, and FDA to ensure safety and compliance.

application.

Packing

Polypropylene is usually supplied in 25 kg bags or jumbo bags, in pellet or powder form, ready for molding, extrusion, or fiber production.

PP HP 550 J           HOMO POLYMER C 30 S ZR 348 U ZH 510 L HD 225 HP 552 R 1102 XL 1102 XK EP 440 G         CO POLYMER EP 440 L EP 548 R RP-345 S EP 548 T RP 210 G RP 270 G MR 230     PIPE PNR 230 C ZR 230 C 3212 E

Polybutadiene Rubber (PBR) is a synthetic rubber produced by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene. The grade is specifically engineered for applications that require high resilience and abrasion resistance. This elastomer is especially valued for its role in tire treads, as it enhances grip and wear life. PBR exhibits excellent resistance to cold temperatures and dynamic fatigue but is sensitive to oxidation and ozone, often requiring the use of stabilizers or antioxidants.

Technical Characteristics:

Molecular formula	(C₄H₆)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	~0.90 – 0.92
Glass transition temperature (Tg)	–90°C
Hardness (Shore A)	~50 – 70
Tensile strength	~18 – 25 (MPa)
Elongation at break	400 – 600%
Appearance	Pale yellow, rubbery solid

Applications:

• Tire manufacturing (especially tread and sidewall compounds)
• Footwear soles and midsoles
• Conveyor belts and industrial rubber parts
• Automotive rubber goods
• Shock absorbers and vibration dampers
• Rubber hoses and seals

Environmental Impact of PBR

PBR, being a synthetic elastomer derived from petrochemicals, is non-biodegradable and relies on fossil fuel sources. Its manufacturing process can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), making proper emissions control important. While recycling of PBR is limited, it can be used in reclaimed rubber blends. Efforts in greener production methods and alternative feedstocks are under development to reduce its environmental footprint.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling PBR

While PBR is relatively safe to handle, precautions must be taken during processing. The material can release fumes when heated, so appropriate ventilation is essential. Direct contact should be minimized, and protective gloves and masks should be worn in industrial settings. Compliance with OSHA and REACH standards ensures safe production, storage, and disposal.

Packing

PBR is typically packed in 35 kg bales, wrapped in polyethylene film, and stacked on pallets for ease of transport and storage.

PBR

TJPC 1220

TJPC 1220C

TJPC 1202

High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) is a versatile, impact-resistant polymer made from styrene monomer. It is known for its excellent processability and ability to provide a combination of strength and flexibility. HIPS is widely used in various industries due to its high resistance to moisture absorption and good electrical insulation properties. However, it is sensitive to high temperatures and should not be used above 85°C. Its applications are vast, including food packaging, household appliances, and electronic components.

Technical Characteristics:

• Molecular formula: (C8H8) n
• Density (gr/cm³): 1.04 – 1.06
• Melting point: 240°C
• Melt flow index at 200°C and 5 kg load: 4.5 (gr/10min)
• Tensile strength: 23 (MPa)
• Vicat softening temperature: 97°C
• Appearance: Transparent, rigid, and glossy

Applications:

• Packaging for food, medicine, cosmetics, industrial, and horticultural products
• Toys
• Household appliances
• Plastic containers
• Electrical components
• Medical equipment
• Packaging film for various products

Environmental Impact of HIPS

HIPS, like many plastics, contributes to environmental pollution as it is non-biodegradable and can persist in the environment for centuries. Its production depends on fossil fuels, leading to greenhouse gas emissions. While HIPS is technically recyclable, contamination and limited recycling facilities mean that much of it ends up in landfills or is incinerated, releasing harmful pollutants. Efforts to reduce HIPS waste focus on improved recycling methods and reducing plastic usage in various sectors.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling HIPS
HIPS is generally safe to handle, but, like all plastics, it can emit fumes if heated improperly. Adequate ventilation, protective equipment, and careful control of temperatures are necessary to ensure safe handling. Compliance with safety regulations and industry standards is crucial to prevent health hazards and environmental damage. Standards such as those from OSHA and EPA help mitigate risks related to the handling and disposal of HIPS.

Packing
HIPS is typically available in 25 kg bags.

HIPS

HIPS 7240

HIPS 7055

HIPS 4125

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a synthetic thermoplastic polymer produced by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers. It exists in two main forms: rigid (uPVC) and flexible (when plasticized). Rigid PVC is commonly used in pipes and profiles, while flexible PVC is used in cables, flooring, and synthetic leather. PVC is resistant to water, chemicals, and environmental degradation, but it can degrade under prolonged UV exposure unless stabilized.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers, which is divided into different grades depending on the polymerization method and the type of end use. Among them, two common grades include Grade S (Suspension) and Grade E (Emulsion).

PVC Grades: Difference Between S and E

Grade S (Suspension PVC)

This type of PVC is produced through the suspension polymerization process and is supplied in powder form. Grade S has the largest market share and is used in the production of hard products such as construction pipes, window and door profiles, flooring, as well as soft products (if plasticizers are added). Parameters such as viscosity, particle size, and particle porosity are important technical characteristics of this grade.

Grade E (Emulsion PVC):

Grade E, also known as PVC paste, is produced by emulsion polymerization and is usually marketed as a paste or latex. Due to its very fine grain size, this type of PVC is used in more precise applications such as surface coatings, synthetic leather production, medical gloves and flexible flooring. Despite its high quality, this grade is more expensive to produce than Grade S.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C₂H₃Cl)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	1.35 – 1.45
Melting point	~75 – 105°C (softens gradually)
Melt flow index at 230°C and 2.16 kg load
Tensile strength	35 – 60 (MPa) for rigid PVC
Vicat softening temperature	~75 – 85°C
Appearance	Can be transparent or opaque; available in rigid or flexible forms

Applications        

• Pipes and fittings (plumbing, irrigation)
• Window and door profiles
• Electrical cable insulation
• Medical tubing and IV bags
• Flooring, wall coverings, and synthetic leather
• Packaging materials (blister packs, bottles)
• Credit cards and ID cards

Environmental Impact of PVC

PVC production involves chlorine and other additives, which can raise environmental concerns if not managed properly. Burning PVC releases harmful dioxins, making disposal a sensitive issue. While PVC is technically recyclable (coded as #3), the presence of additives complicates recycling processes. Sustainability efforts include developing cleaner production methods and improving closed-loop recycling systems.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling PVC

PVC is generally safe in end-use products but can release hazardous fumes (like HCl gas) if overheated during processing. Proper ventilation, use of PPE, and adherence to safety standards (e.g., OSHA, EPA, REACH) are critical. Special care is required in handling additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers.

Packing

PVC is typically supplied in 25 kg bags or bulk containers, available in powder, pellet, or compound form for extrusion, injection molding, or calendaring.

PVC

S 57

S 65

S 70

E 6834

Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) is a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, produced by emulsion polymerization. The unique structure of SBR provides a balance of resilience, wear resistance, and flexibility. It is commonly used in tire treads and other rubber products, thanks to its durability and cost-effectiveness. SBR can be formulated in various grades, including high-performance and high-resilience types, depending on the specific requirements of the application.

This material is produced in two main polymerization methods:

Emulsion SBR (E-SBR): Made using emulsion polymerization.

Solution SBR (S-SBR): Made using solution polymerization (has better properties for car tires).

Applications: Car tires, flooring, belts, gaskets and industrial parts. This rubber has good resistance to abrasion and cracking, but is weak against oils.

High Cis (Hicis) Polybutadiene Rubber:

This type refers to polybutadiene rubber with a high percentage of cis-1,4 structure. The high percentage of cis structure results in greater flexibility, better wear resistance and higher dynamic properties.

High cis BR is mostly used for applications that require high impact and abrasion resistance.

Commonly used in car tires, sports balls, and shock absorbing parts.

Low Cis (Lowsis) Polybutadiene Rubber: This grade has a lower percentage of cis-1,4 structure and a higher percentage of trans or vinyl structure. Its physical properties are poorer than High Cis, but may be useful in certain applications, such as where greater stiffness or stability at certain temperatures is required.

Technical Characteristics

Molecular formula	(C₈H₈) ·(C₄H₆)ₙ
Density (gr/cm3)	0.92 – 0.95
Glass transition temperature (Tg)	~–50°C
Tensile strength	12 – 25 (MPa)
Elongation at break:	400 – 600%
Hardness (Shore A)	~50 – 70
Appearance	Black or brownish rubber, typically in solid form

Applications

• Tire manufacturing (especially treads)
• Conveyor belts and industrial hoses
• Automotive parts (seals, gaskets)
• Footwear soles
• Vibration dampers and shock absorbers
• Rubber mats and flooring

Environmental Impact of SBR

SBR is non-biodegradable, and its production relies on petrochemicals. While it is durable and long-lasting, improper disposal can lead to environmental pollution. Recycling of SBR is possible, though it is challenging due to its crosslinked structure. Efforts to improve recycling processes and reduce dependency on virgin rubber are ongoing, with research into more sustainable alternatives.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling SBR

SBR is generally safe to handle but should be processed under controlled conditions to avoid overheating, which can release harmful fumes. Adequate ventilation, PPE, and compliance with safety standards (OSHA, EPA) are critical to ensuring safe production, storage, and handling.

Packing

SBR is typically supplied in bales or rolls, weighing 25, and is available in various grades for different applications.

SBR

SBR 1502

SBR 1712

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is a form of polystyrene that is expanded using a blowing agent to create a foam with a cellular structure. This process results in a material that is both lightweight and highly insulating. EPS is non-biodegradable and often used in applications requiring low-density and high-strength properties. It can be molded into complex shapes, making it a popular choice in packaging, construction, and insulation. While EPS is highly efficient as an insulator, it is sensitive to UV degradation and must be protected if used outdoors.

Technical Characteristics:

Molecular formula	(C8H8)n
Density (gr/cm3)	0.03 – 0.08 (varies with grade)
Melting point	~240°C (of the base material)
Compressive strength	100 – 500 kPa (depending on density)
Thermal conductivity	0.033 – 0.04 W/m·K
Appearance	White, lightweight foam with a cellular structure

Applications:

• Disposable food containers and cups
• Building materials (insulating panels)
• Model making and construction prototypes
• Surfboards and flotation devices
• Packaging materials (protective cushioning for fragile goods)
• Thermal insulation in buildings and refrigeration

Environmental Impact of EPS

EPS is non-biodegradable and contributes to long-term waste if not properly disposed of. It is lightweight, which makes it prone to wind dispersion and littering in the environment. Recycling of EPS is possible but challenging due to its low density and contamination. Efforts to improve recycling technologies and reduce single-use EPS are ongoing, with alternative biodegradable solutions being explored.

Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling EPS

EPS is generally safe to handle, though care should be taken during processing. When exposed to high temperatures or fire, it can release harmful fumes such as styrene and other volatile compounds. Proper ventilation and fire safety measures are essential. Compliance with local safety regulations (OSHA, EPA) is important to ensure safe handling and disposal.

Packing

EPS is typically supplied in 25 kg bags or bulk containers

EPS

R200

321HS

422FC

F200