Process

The isomerization of light paraffinic hydrocarbons is a strategic refining process widely implemented in modern oil refineries. Its primary objective is to increase the octane number of light…

Sweetening of distillates is accomplished by the conversion of mercaptans to alkyl disulfides in the presence of a catalyst. Conversion may be followed by an extraction step for…

Manufacture of Phthalic Anhydride Phthalic anhydride (PAN) production in the United States in 1972 was 0.9 billion pounds per year; this total is estimated to increase to 2.2…

Manufacture of Phenol The vast majority of phenol is made by the cumene process. The process has three stages: • Production of cumene • Conversion of cumene to…

Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol and also called isopropanol or 2 propanol) is a colorless, flammable, organic compound with a pungent alcoholic odor.  Isopropyl alcohol, an organic polar molecule, is miscible in water, ethanol, and chloroform, demonstrating its ability to dissolve a wide range of…

As mention on Ethylene Oxide (EO) process the producing EO over a catalyst is the first step in the overall EO/EG manufacturing process. In the reaction section, EO…

Feedstock A petroleum refining study starts with describing its feedstock, the crude oil and the range of products that are produced by the various processes. Crude oil comes…

Petroleum refining processes stabilize and upgrade petroleum products by separating them from less desirable products and by removing objectionable elements. Undesirable elements such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen…

Oil refineries are complex industrial facilities that convert crude oil into a variety of valuable products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and numerous petrochemicals. One of the fundamental…

Crude oil is a complex hydrocarbon mixture that mainly includes the following hydrocarbons: Alkanes (paraffins) Cycloalkanes (naphthenes) Aromatic The specific composition of crude oil varies depending on the…