Sodium cyanide is a toxic mineral and desiccant that produces hydrogen cyanide gas in a humid environment. The cyanide required in the cyanidation process is provided by the chemical compound sodium cyanide. This chemical was first produced in 1834 by the Rogers brothers. They heated a colored mixture containing divalent and trivalent iron derivatives and sodium carbonate and, after cooling the mixture, extracted the sodium cyanide using alcohol.
The most important industrial processes for cyanide production include the Andrussow process and the Degussa process. The Andrussow process is highly exothermic and is carried out in the presence of a platinum-rhodium catalyst. While the Degussa process is quite endothermic and is carried out in the presence of a platinum catalyst. These processes play a vital role in the industrial production of cyanide for use in various industries, especially the extraction of precious metals.
Technical Characteristics
| Chemical Formula | NaCN |
| Other names | Cyannatrium Cyanide Sodium |
| CAS Number | 143-33-9 |
| Molecular mass | 49.01 g/mol |
| Melting Point | 563.7 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 1497 °C |
| Appearance | White solid |
Applications
- Mining industry to extract gold
- Electroplating industry
- Agricultural industry
- Pharmaceutical industries
- Chemical industries
Environmental impact of Sodium Cyanide
Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic substance that has significant environmental impacts. If leaked or released into water sources, it can severely affect aquatic ecosystems and cause rapid death of fish and other living organisms. Cyanide dissolves readily in water and can also cause air pollution by producing hydrogen cyanide gas. Improper disposal of sodium cyanide can contaminate soil and groundwater resources. Therefore, its use should be closely monitored and in compliance with environmental standards.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Sodium Cyanide
Due to the toxicity of sodium cyanide, it is essential to observe safety measures when using and transporting this substance. Personal protective equipment such as resistant gloves, safety glasses, masks and protective clothing must be used by workers. This substance must be stored in tight, moisture-resistant containers and its contact with water must be prevented. The work environment must be properly ventilated to prevent the release of hydrogen cyanide gas. In the event of a leak or contamination, neutralizing agents must be used and the contaminated area must be cleaned up quickly. Also, necessary training for employees to safely handle this substance and be prepared to manage emergency situations is required.
Packing
Sodium cyanide is supplied in 50 kg metal barrels.