Nitric acid is a strong, corrosive acid with an unpleasant odor that evaporates rapidly and decomposes partially in the presence of air. It is an important mineral acid in the chemical industry and is widely used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other industrial processes. Due to its highly corrosive properties, nitric acid can cause serious damage to various surfaces, including metals, and can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes. Nitric acid is usually produced by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with water under certain conditions. It is also used as a strong oxidizer in many chemical reactions. Due to the high hazards of this acid, it should be used with extreme caution and in accordance with appropriate safety regulations.
Technical Characteristics
| Chemical Formula | HNO3 |
| Other names | Hydrogen nitrateNitric acidSalt essenceNitric acidAnil nitroxide |
| CAS Number | 7697-37-2 |
| Molecular Weight | 63.012 g·mol−1 |
| Melting Point | −42 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 83 °C 68% solution |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Applications
– Fertilizer production
– As an oxidizer in the liquid fuel of rocket space shuttles
– Cleaning deposits
– To prevent the growth of bacteria and deadly food poisoning
– Purification of precious metals
– Plastic industries and nylon precursors
– Pharmaceutical industry
– Production of ammonium nitrate
– Polymer synthesis
– Laboratory reagent
Environmental impact of Nitric Acid
Nitric acid can have many negative effects on the environment due to its corrosive properties and strong oxidizing power. If this acid is leaked or improperly disposed of into water, soil or air, it can severely damage ecosystems. Nitric acid can damage water resources and cause water pollution and have a negative impact on aquatic organisms. It can also damage soil and have a negative impact on soil microbes. The release of nitric acid vapors into the atmosphere can cause air pollution and the formation of acid rain, which seriously harms the environment.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Nitric Acid
It is very important to follow safety measures when working with nitric acid, as it is corrosive and dangerous. The use of personal protective equipment such as acid-resistant gloves, safety glasses and protective clothing is essential. Also, the work environment must be properly ventilated to prevent the accumulation of hazardous vapors. Nitric acid should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers in dry, cool places away from heat sources. When transporting and storing this material, safety standards and environmental regulations must be followed and leakage and contamination must be prevented.
Packing
This chemical is available in 220-liter barrel and 20 or 5 liter gallons.