Hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2)is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a bitter taste. Small amounts of gaseous hydrogen peroxide occur naturally in the air. Hydrogen peroxide is unstable, decomposing readily to oxygen and water with release of heat. First recognized as a chemical compound in 1818, hydrogen peroxide is the simplest member of the class of peroxides. Of the several processes of manufacture, the principal ones involve reactions of oxygen from the air with certain organic compounds, especially anthra-quinone or isopropyl alcohol. Major commercial grades are aqueous solutions containing 35, 50, 70, or 90 percent hydrogen peroxide and small amounts of stabilizers to suppress decomposition.
Technical Characteristics
| Chemical Formula | H2O2 |
| Other names | Peroxol Dioxidane Oxidanyl Perhydroxic acid 0-hydroxyol Oxygenated water Peroxaan |
| CAS Number | 7722-84-1 |
| Molecular Weight | 34 g/mol |
| Melting Point | -0.43°C |
| Boiling Point | 150.2°C |
| Appearance | Very light blue liquid |
Applications
- Pulp and Paper Industry
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Water and Wastewater Treatment
- Textile Industry
- Medical Applications
- Cosmetic and Hygiene Industry
- Electroplating Industry
- Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
- Metallurgical Industry
- Electronics Industry
Environmental impact of Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is considered an environmentally friendly chemical because it decomposes into water and oxygen, leaving no toxic residues. However, in high concentrations, it can be hazardous to aquatic life, causing oxidative stress and damage to aquatic organisms. Its use in industrial processes, such as water treatment or bleaching, may introduce concentrated amounts into the environment, requiring careful management. Proper disposal methods should be followed to avoid harming ecosystems.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide, especially in high concentrations, is a strong oxidizing agent and can be dangerous. It should be handled with caution, using appropriate protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and face shields. Inhalation or contact with skin and eyes can cause irritation or burns. It is essential to store hydrogen peroxide in cool, dark places, away from heat or direct sunlight, as it decomposes rapidly under such conditions. Recommended storage temperature is 2 – 8 oC.
Packing
It is typically available in 65 kg plastic canisters, 220 kg plastic drums, 1000-1150 kg IBC, and tankers.