Hydrochloric acid is a transparent, colorless solution with a very strong odor. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid with numerous industrial applications. Pure hydrochloric acid was first produced in the 16th century by Libavius through heating salt in clay crucibles designed for melting metals. Hydrochloric acid is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. Hydrogen chloride can be produced through various methods, and hydrochloric acid is generally manufactured using three main processes:
- Reaction of sulfuric acid with table salt
- Electrolysis of table salt
- Chlorination reactions of petrochemical compounds
Technical Characteristics
| Chemical Formula | HCl |
| Other names | Chlorane, Muriatic Acid, Chlorhydric Acid, Hydronium Chloride, Spirits of salt |
| CAS Number | 7647-01-0 |
| Molecular weight | 36.46 g/mol |
| Boiling point | Depends on concentration |
| Melting point | Depends on concentration |
| Appearance | Transparent, colorless liquid |
Applications
- Construction industry
- Food industry
- Drilling industry
- Acid cleaning and metal pickling
- Descaling boilers
- Chemical production
- Ceramics manufacturing
- pH control and adjustment
- Production of various organic compounds
- Water and wastewater treatment
- Rust removal from iron
Environmental impact of Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, due to its highly corrosive nature, can have significant environmental impacts. If spilled into water or soil, it drastically lowers the pH, disrupting ecosystems. Contact with living organisms can cause severe damage, and the release of hydrogen chloride gas into the air contributes to air pollution and acid rain. Proper storage and disposal management are essential to minimize its environmental effects.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Hydrochloric acid
Due to its strong corrosiveness, using protective equipment such as resistant gloves, safety goggles, and masks is mandatory when handling hydrochloric acid. It should be stored in durable containers made of polyethylene or HDPE and kept in a cool, dry environment. During transportation, any leaks or spills must be avoided, and in case of contact with skin or eyes, the affected area should be immediately rinsed with plenty of water. The disposal of hydrochloric acid must comply with environmental regulations and safety standards.
Packing
Hydrochloric acid is packed in HDPE drums, IBC and bulk.