Phenol is an aromatic chemical compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅OH, which occurs as a colorless, crystalline solid that may turn pink or brown in contact with air. It has a pungent, disinfectant-like odor and is slightly soluble in water. Phenol exhibits both acidic and alcoholic properties due to the presence of a hydroxyl group attached to the benzene ring. It is used primarily in the production of plastics, resins, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants. However, phenol is a corrosive and toxic substance that can be dangerous to the skin and eyes upon direct contact, and is also harmful to health if inhaled or swallowed.
Technical Characteristics
| Chemical Formula | C₆H₅OH |
| Other names | hydroxybenzene carbolic acid phenylic acid phenic acid Benzenol Phenolic acid Phenyl alcohol |
| CAS Number | 108-95-2 |
| Molecular mass | 94.11 g/mol |
| Melting Point | 40.5 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 181.7 °C |
| Appearance | Transparent crystalline solid |
Applications
- Precursor for plastic industry
- Paint & coating industry
- Pharmaceutical industry
- Antiseptic
- Health and medicinal materials
- Main precursor of polycarbonate and epoxy resins
- Wood industry
Environmental impact of Phenol
Phenol can have significant negative effects on the environment due to its toxicity. If it enters water sources, it can be extremely harmful to aquatic life and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Also, the penetration of phenol into the soil may affect beneficial microorganisms and cause long-term soil contamination. Phenol vapors can also reduce ambient air quality and are dangerous to humans and animals in large quantities.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Phenol
When working with phenol, it is essential to use personal protective equipment such as heavy-duty gloves, safety glasses, and a respirator to prevent direct contact with the skin, eyes, and inhalation of its vapors. The work environment should be well ventilated, and the material should be stored in heat-resistant, closed containers, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. In order to keep the phenol liquid, the piping, transhipment facilities and the storage and transport vessels are customarily insulated against heat losses. An additional heating means is generally also required. Phenol waste should be disposed of in accordance with environmental regulations to prevent environmental pollution.
Packing
This chemical can be supplied in 215 kg barrels.