Acrylonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, with a faintly pungent odor. It is also known as vinyl cyanide and cyanoethylene. Its chemical formula, C₃H₃N, reveals a structure composed of a carbon triple bond to a nitrogen atom. It can be dissolved in water and evaporates quickly. Acrylonitrile is used to make other chemicals such as plastics, synthetic rubber, and acrylic fibers. A mixture of acrylonitrile and carbon tetrachloride was used as a pesticide in the past; however, all pesticide uses have stopped.
Technical Characteristics
| CAS Number | 1-13-107 |
| Other names | ACN 2-Propenenitrile Vinyl cyanide Cyanoethylene Propenenitrile Vinyl nitrile |
| Molecular Weight | 53.06 g/mol |
| Chemical Formula | C3H3N |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.81 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 77 °C |
| Melting point | −84 °C |
Applications
- Monomer for the production of polyacrylonitrile
- Production of copolymers such as ABS, SAN and ASA
- Nylon raw material
- Acrylonitrile-based plastics and rubber like NBR
- Textile industry
Environmental impact and sustainability of ACN
While acrylonitrile offers numerous benefits, it is important to acknowledge the potential risks associated with its use. Acrylonitrile vapor is highly flammable and poses a fire hazard, requiring appropriate safety measures during storage and handling.
In terms of health effects, acrylonitrile exposure can have various impacts. Inhaling high levels of acrylonitrile vapor may cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, and headaches. Prolonged exposure can lead to more severe health issues, including damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
Studies have also shown that acrylonitrile may have carcinogenic properties, with occupational exposure potentially increasing the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Therefore, it is essential for industries and individuals working with acrylonitrile to implement stringent safety measures and adhere to regulatory guidelines.
Safety Measures and Regulations for Handling Acrylonitrile
To ensure safe handling and minimize the risks associated with acrylonitrile, various safety measures and regulations have been established. These guidelines aim to protect workers, the environment, and the general public.
Proper ventilation systems should be in place to control and remove acrylonitrile vapors. Personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory masks, should be worn by individuals working with acrylonitrile to minimize direct exposure.
Strict adherence to storage and handling procedures is crucial to prevent accidents and minimize the potential for fires. Emergency response plans should be in place, and personnel should be trained to respond effectively in case of spills, leaks, or other incidents involving acrylonitrile.
Regulatory bodies, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have established guidelines and regulations for the safe handling and disposal of acrylonitrile. Compliance with these regulations is essential to ensure the responsible use of this chemical compound.
Packing
This chemical is supplied in Isotank T-14.